V-shaped growth of hair toward the center of the forehead, especially one left by a receding hairline in a man.
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The terms cleft chin, chin cleft, dimple chin, or chin dimple, refer to a dimple on the chin.
Specifically, the chin fissure follows the fissure in the lower jaw bone that resulted from the incomplete fusion of the left and right halves of the jaw bone, or muscle, during the embryonal and fetal development. For other individuals, it can develop over time, often because one half of the jaw is longer than the other, leading to facial asymmetry.
A cleft chin is an inherited trait in humans, where the recessive gene causes the cleft chin, while the dominant presents without a cleft. However, it is also a classic example for variable penetrance with environmental factors or a modifier gene possibly affecting the phenotypical expression of the actual genotype. Cleft chins are common among people originating from Europe, the Middle East and India.
Curtesy of Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chin#Cleft_chin
V-shaped growth of hair toward the center of the forehead, especially one left by a receding hairline in a man.
A widow’s peak is a V-shaped point in the hairline in the center of the forehead. Hair growth on the forehead is suppressed in a bilateral pair of periorbital fields. Without a widow’s peak, these fields join in the middle of the forehead so as to give a hairline that runs straight across. A widow’s peak results when the point of intersection on the forehead of the upper perimeters of these fields is lower than usual.
Curtesy of Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Widow%27s_peak
A dimple is a small natural indentation in the flesh on a part of the human body, most notably in the cheek or on the chin.
Dimples may be caused by variations in the structure of the facial muscle known as zygomaticus major. Specifically, the presence of a double or bifid zygomaticus major muscle may explain the formation of cheek dimples. This bifid variation of the muscle originates as a single structure from the zygomatic bone. As it travels anteriorly, it then divides with a superior bundle that inserts in the typical position above the corner of the mouth. An inferior bundle inserts below the corner of the mouth.
Curtesy of Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimple
Freckles are small brown spots on your skin, often in areas that get sun exposure. Freckles typically don’t raise off the skin. In most cases, freckles are harmless.
The presence of freckles is related to rare alleles of the MC1R gene, though it does not differentiate whether an individual will have freckles if they have one or even two copies of this gene. Also, individuals with no copies of the MC1R do sometimes display freckles. Even so, individuals with a high number of freckling sites have one or more of variants of the MC1R gene. Of the variants of the MC1R gene Arg151Cys, Arg160Trp, and Asp294His are the most common in the freckled subjects. The MC1R gene is also associated with red hair more strongly than with freckles. Most red-haired individuals have two variants of the MC1R gene and almost all have one. The variants that cause red hair are the same that cause freckling. Freckling can also be found in areas, such as Japan, where red hair is not seen. These individuals have the variant Val92Met which is also found in Caucasians, although it has minimal effects on their pigmentation. The R162Q allele has a disputed involvement in freckling.
The variants of the MC1R gene that are linked with freckles started to emerge in the human genotype when humans started to leave Africa. The variant Val92Met arose somewhere between 250,000 and 100,000 years ago, long enough for this gene to be carried by humans into central Asia. Arg160Trp is estimated to have arisen around 80,000 years ago while Arg151Cys and Asp294His have been estimated to arise around 30,000 years ago. The wide variation of the MC1R gene exists in people of European descent because of the lack of strong environmental pressures on the gene. The original allele of MC1R coded for dark skin with a high melanin content in the cells. The high melanin content is protective in areas of high UV light exposure. The need was less as humans moved into higher latitudes where incoming sunlight has lower UV light content. The adaptation of lighter skin is needed so that individuals in higher latitudes can still absorb enough UV for the production of vitamin D. Freckled individuals tend to tan less and have very light skin, which would have helped the individuals that expressed these genes absorb vitamin D.
One of the most prevalent aspects of human genes is that they can be inherited. Whether you are tall or have red hair, you have these genes because they were transmitted from your parents to you. Even eye color can be defined by genetics. Depending on your parent’s eye color, how dominant that eye color is, and the variation of how other genes interact plays a huge role in what eye color you are born with. For example, a mother with green eyes and a father with light brown eyes can have a child with dark brown. This shows that eye color genes are established because of variations of genes. The child has dark brown eyes because of a dominant eye color, which is brown. The color of the eyes is different, however, because of the genetic combinations from parents.
For instance, a mother with blue eyes and a father with blue eyes will have a baby with blue eyes; but it should be noted that the blue color of the child’s eyes won’t be exactly the same as their parents. The color will be slightly different because of different genetic variants. In regards to parents having children with a different eye color from them, that is a completely different story. While a parent with blue eyes and a parent with brown eyes can have a baby with a slight variation or different eye color than them, it is very rare for parents with the same eye color to have a child with a different eye color than them. Parents that both have green eyes will most likely never have a child with brown eyes; they will either be blue or green, with a slight variation in color. By knowing your parent’s eye colors, it is easier to know why your eyes are the color that they are.
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Free Earlobes: Free earlobes are the most common form of lobes found. This type of earlobe is often large and hangs below the point of attachment to the head.
Attached Earlobes: These types of earlobes are not rare but are also not commonly found. Earlobes of such type are small in size and do not have hangs.
Earlobes average about 2 centimeters long and elongate slightly with age. Although the “free” vs. “attached” appearance of earlobes is often presented as an example of a simple “one gene – two alleles” Mendelian trait in humans, earlobes do not all fall neatly into either category; there is a continuous range from one extreme to the other, suggesting the influence of several genes.
Curtesy of Wikipedia & News Medical Life Sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earlobe
https://www.news-medical.net/health/Genetics-of-Earlobes.aspx
A unibrow or connected eyebrow is a single eyebrow created when the two eyebrows meet in the middle above the bridge of the nose.
The hair above the bridge of the nose is usually of the same color and thickness as the eyebrows, giving the appearance that they converge to form one uninterrupted line of hair.
The unibrow is a recessive genetic trait. It is associated with the PAX3 gene.
Everyone has either A, B, AB, or O type blood. A person’s type of blood also gets accompanied with an Rh factor of positive or negative. As with physical traits, parental genetics determines both blood type and Rh factor. Each parents donates one of two blood genes to the child. For example, if one parent donates an O gene, and the other donates an A gene, the A wins out to provide the child with A type blood. O type blood only becomes possible when both parents provide an O gene.
The Rh factor of blood is merely a protein located on the outer layer of red blood cells. Red blood cells that have this protein become positive, while those that lack it become negative. As with blood types themselves, a person inherits their Rh factor from the parents. When paired together, the positive gene dominates the negative.
